Demography

Location

• Situated between Krishna and West Godavari districts, Andhra Pradesh.

• Lies between the Krishna and Godavari river basins.

 Area Coverage

• Seasonal spread: 90,000 – 245,000 acres depending on rainfall and river inflow.

• Declared a Ramsar Wetland Site (of international importance).

Human Demography (Surrounding Settlements)

• Over 100 villages are situated around the lake, mostly dependent on fishing, aquaculture, and paddy cultivation.

• Approximate population in the lake region and buffer zone: 200,000 – 250,000 people.

• Major communities:

  • Fisherfolk communities (traditional fishing families).

  • Farmers (paddy and shrimp aquaculture farmers).

  • Artisans and small traders linked to lake-based tourism.

Ecological Demography (Biodiversity)

• Birds:

  • Around 193 species of resident and migratory birds.

  • Migrants include grey pelican, painted stork, open-bill stork, red-crested pochard, flamingos, and grey herons.

  • Known as a birdwatcher’s paradise in winter (Nov–Feb).

• Fish & Aquatic Life:

  • Over 60 species of fish including Rohu, Catla, Mrigal, and Murrels.

  • Prawns and crabs also thrive, supporting local livelihoods.

• Flora:

  • Aquatic vegetation such as lotus, water hyacinth, and submerged grasses.

  • Paddy cultivation on reclaimed wetlands in buffer areas.

 Conservation & Threats

• Excessive aquaculture (fish/shrimp ponds) reduced natural lake spread.

• Encroachments and water pollution affected biodiversity.

• Restoration efforts include demolition of illegal ponds and promotion of eco-tourism. 

kolleru lake map

   

Kolleru Lake before and after maps

Kolleru Lake’s demography is a balance between human populations relying on fishing and farming, and its rich ecological life with hundreds of bird and fish species.